Economic Impact of Agriculture
Yellowstone County
Yellowstone County is the most populated county in the state, containing the major town of Billings. Over 95% of land in Yellowstone County is classified as farm land.
Overview
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| Median Farm Size (acres) | 60 |
| Average Farm Size (acres) | 1,220 |
Source: Census of Agriculture: Table 1: County Summary Highlights: 2017
Farm Revenue
Farm revenues (which includes the market value of products sold, government payments,
and farm-related income) were nearly $150 million while production expenses were over
$127 million. Government payments were 3.7% of farm revenues.
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| Net Farm Cash Income | $22,437,000 |
Source: Census of Agriculture: Tables 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6: 2017
Taxation
The market value of all property in Yellowstone County was approximately $21 billion
in 2019. The taxable value assigned by the Montana Department of Revenue was $390
million. Agricultural Property (as defined by Montana Department of Revenue as Class
3 Property) comprised 1% of the county's taxable value.
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2014 |
| Market Value of Property | $21,814,044,437 | $11,181,311,047 |
| Taxable Value of All Property | $390,133,029 | $307,533,037 |
| Taxable Value ofAgricultural Property | $3,659,212 | $3,439,242 |
| Ag Taxable Value as % of All Property | 0.94% | 1.1% |
Source: Montana Dept. of Rev. Montana Taxes by County in2018and Montana Taxes by County in2014
Market Value of Crops and Livestock
After adjusting for inflation, the market value of crops decreased by 6%, while the
market value of livestock decreased by 8%, from 1997 to 2017.
Sources: Census of Agriculture: Table 1: County Summary Highlights: 2017 and St. Louis Fed Producer Price Index
Crops and Livestock
Cattle (64%) and other (16%) comprised 80% of total crop and livestock sales in 2017.
Source: Census of Agriculture: Table 2: County Summary Highlights: 2017
Farm Size by Acres
The percentage of smaller farms, less than 500 acres, increased slightly from 78%
to 79%, while the percentage of larger farms, 500 acres or more, decreased from 22%
to 21% from 2012 to 2017.
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by Acres |
2017
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2012
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Farms |
%
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Number of
Farms |
%
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1 to 9
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201
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15
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211
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16
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10 to 49
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402
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31
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428
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32
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50 to 179
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262
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20
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242
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18
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180 to 499
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172
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13
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159
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12
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500 to 999
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86
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7
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97
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7
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1,000 or more
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191
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15
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193
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15
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TOTAL
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1314
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100
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1330
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100
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Farm Size by Sales
The percentage of the smallest farms with less than $100,000 in sales and the largest
farms with sales of $100,000 or more was unchanged from 2012 to 2017.
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by Sales |
2017
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2012
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Farms |
%
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Number of
Farms |
%
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Less than 2,500
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571
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43
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611
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46
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2,500 to 4,999
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98
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7
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107
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8
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5,000 to 9,999
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122
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9
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106
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8
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10,000 to 24,999
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149
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11
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129
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10
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25,000 to 49,999
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107
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8
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85
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6
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50,000 to 99,999
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66
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5
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86
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6
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100,000 or more
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201
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15
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206
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15
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TOTAL
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1314
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100
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1330
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100
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Source: Census of Agriculture: Table 1: County Summary Highlights: 2017
Tillage and Land Use
The percentage of farms using reduced tillage increased, while the percentage of farms using no till or intensive tillage decreased from 2012 to 2017.
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2017
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2012
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Farms |
%
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Number of
Farms |
%
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No tillage
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84
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6
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94
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7
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Reduced tillage
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50
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4
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46
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3
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Intensive tillage
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124
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9
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191
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14
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Cover crops
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32
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2
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20
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2
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TOTAL
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1314
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1330
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Producer Profile
The county producer population was younger than the Montana producer population. Thirty-five percent of county producers were under 55 years of age, while 32% were over 65 years of age. Thirty-four percent of the Montana producer population were under 55, while 36% were over 65 years of age. Fifty-eight percent of producers in the county were males, while 60% of Montana producers were males. Farming was the primary occupation for 36% of county producers, while farming was the primary occupation for 50% of Montana producers.
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County
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State
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Producers |
%
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Number of
Producers |
%
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Age
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18 -25
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13
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1
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570
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1
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25 to 34
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119
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5
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3,285
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7
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35 to 44
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309
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13
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5,179
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11
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45 to 54
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379
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16
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7,309
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15
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55 to 64
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710
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30
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13,838
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29
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65 to 74
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534
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22
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11,469
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24
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75 and older
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237
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10
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5,587
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12
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Gender
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Male
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1,386
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58
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28,563
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60
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Female
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988
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42
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18,673
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40
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Primary Occupation
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Yes
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848
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36
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23,847
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50
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No
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1,526
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64
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24,314
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50
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TOTAL PRODUCERS
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2,374
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100
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48,161
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100
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Source: Census of Agriculture: Table 45 Selected Operation and Producer Characteristics
Top Crops by Acre
The top crops were hay and haylage, winter wheat, barley, spring wheat, peas dry edible, safflower, lentils, durum wheat, and potatoes.
Source: Census of Agriculture: Table 1: County Summary Highlights: 2017
Top Livestock
The top livestock were cattle, chicken-layers, and sheep.
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Cattle
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110,710
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Chicken - Layers
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20,552
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Sheep
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2,082
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Source: Census of Agriculture: Tables 11 (Cattle) and 13 (Sheep) and 19 (Poultry)
Employment Impact
Agricultural production employed 3,323 workers, or 4% of the county’s labor force. According to IMPLAN, economic impact model, 1,393 of the workers were directly employed in production agriculture. An additional 1,386 workers were employed in businesses supporting agricultural production, such as feed and fertilizer dealers, and another 544 workers were employed in other related businesses, such as grocery and drugs stores. For every 10 jobs on farms and ranches, 14 additional jobs are generated in the county.
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Impact Multipliers |
| County Labor Force | 81,829 | |
| Direct Impact | 1,393 | |
| Indirect Impact | 1,386 | 0.99 |
| Induced Impact | 544 | 0.39 |
| Total Impact | 3,323 | 1.39 |
| Agriculture Share (%) | 4 |
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, www.bls.gov/#cntyaa and IMPLAN Estimates
Value Added Impacts
Farms and ranches generated $211.8 million of value-added, or 2% of the county’s total gross domestic product of $8,898 million in 2017. According to IMPLAN, $48.1 million was directly contributed by farmers and ranchers. An additional $123 million was generated by businesses supporting agricultural production and $40.8 million was generated by other related businesses. Each dollar of value-added in agriculture by a farmer or rancher contributes an additional $3.41 of value-added in other sectors of the county’s economy. This significant contribution to the local economy is because Billings is an economic hub for southern Montana.
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Impact Multipliers |
| County GDP* | 8,898.0 | |
| Direct Impact** | 48.1 | |
| Indirect Impact** | 123.0 | 2.56 |
| Induced Impact** | 40.8 | 0.85 |
| Total Impact** | 211.8 | 3.41 |
| Agriculture Share (%) | 2 |
Sources: * St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank, ** IMPLAN Estimates
References
- 2017 Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Montana, State and County Data, Volume 1, Geographic Area Series, part 26 https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2017/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/Montana/mtv1.pdf
- Department of Revenue “Montana Taxes by County in 2014“ https://mtrevenue.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/2014-Taxes-by-County.pdf
- Department of Revenue “Montana Taxes by County in 2018” https://mtrevenue.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/2018-Taxes-by-County.pdf
- St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank (2017). Current dollar gross domestic product by county
for Montana, retrieved from https://fred.stlouisfed.org/release/tables?rid=397&
eid=1062609&od=2017-01-01# - St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank (2020). Producer price index for all commodities, St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank, retrieved from https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PPIACO
- Bureau of Labor Statistics (2017), Montana labor force, retrieved from https://bls.gov/lau/#cntyaa
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